恶性肿瘤患者情志疾病的中医临床思路

恶性肿瘤是临床常见的一种心身疾病,情志异常与恶性肿瘤可互相影响而形成恶性循环。临床工作中,恶性肿瘤合并情志疾病最常见的情况是焦虑抑郁状态、睡眠障碍和谵妄状态,分别归属于中医学“郁证”、“不寐”、“癫狂”等范畴。综合运用非药物治疗手段及中医辨证论治,可有效提高合并情志疾病的肿瘤患者的生活质量及治疗依从性,有利于肿瘤综合治疗方案的顺利实施。     

Contribution of FoxP3+ Tfr cells to overall human blood CXCR5+ T cells

The identification that T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is critical for the emergence of germinal centre responses prompted the study of CXCR5-expressing CD4⁺ T cell subsets in autoimmunity. However, circulating CXCR5-expressing T cells are heterogeneous by containing Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)⁺ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells in addition to bona fide Tfh cells. Such heterogeneity may hamper the analysis of the contribution of specific follicular T cell subsets for autoimmune pathogenesis. Therefore, separate assessment of Tfh and Tfr populations offer greater opportunities for stratification of autoimmune patients, such as Sjögren’s syndrome patients.     

Direct replication of task‐dependent neural activation patterns during sadness introspection in two independent adolescent samples

Functional neuroimaging results need to replicate to inform sound models of human social cognition and its neural correlates. Introspection, the capacity to reflect on one's thoughts and feelings, is one process required for normative social cognition and emotional functioning. Engaging in introspection draws on a network of brain regions including medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), middle temporal gyri (MTG), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Maturation of these regions during adolescence mirrors the behavioral advances seen in adolescent social cognition, but the neural correlates of introspection in adolescence need to replicate to confirm their generalizability and role as a possible mechanism. The current study investigated whether reflecting upon one's own feelings of sadness would activate and replicate similar brain regions in two independent samples of adolescents. Participants included 156 adolescents (50% female) from the California Families Project and 119 adolescent girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study of Emotion. All participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while completing the same facial emotion‐processing task at age 16–17 years. Both samples showed similar whole‐brain activation patterns when engaged in sadness introspection and when judging a nonemotional facial feature. Whole‐brain activation was unrelated to ERQ scores in both samples. Neural responsivity to task manipulations replicated in regions recruited for socio‐emotional (mPFC, PCC, MTG, TPJ) and attention (dorsolateral PFC, precentral gyri, superior occipital gyrus, superior parietal lobule) processing. These findings demonstrate robust replication of neural engagement during sadness introspection in two independent adolescent samples.     

Interstitial lung diseases in children

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of rare respiratory disorders that are mostly chronic and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of the various chILD is complex and the diseases share common features of inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the lung parenchyma that impair gas exchanges. The etiologies of chILD are numerous. In this review, we chose to classify them as ILD related to exposure/environment insults, ILD related to systemic and immunological diseases, ILD related to primary lung parenchyma dysfunctions and ILD specific to infancy. A growing part of the etiologic spectrum of chILD is being attributed to molecular defects. Currently, the main genetic mutations associated with chILD are identified in the surfactant genes SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, ABCA3 and NKX2-1. Other genetic contributors include mutations in MARS, CSF2RA and CSF2RB in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and mutations in TMEM173 and COPA in specific auto-inflammatory forms of chILD. However, only few genotype-phenotype correlations could be identified so far. Herein, information is provided about the clinical presentation and the diagnosis approach of chILD. Despite improvements in patient management, the therapeutic strategies are still relying mostly on corticosteroids although specific therapies are emerging. Larger longitudinal cohorts of patients are being gathered through ongoing international collaborations to improve disease knowledge and targeted therapies. Thus, it is expected that children with ILD will be able to reach the adulthood transition in a better condition.     

Community-based savings groups,women’s agency,and maternal health service utilisation: Evidence from Mozambique

ABSTRACT

This study, using data collected as part of an ongoing programme evaluation, investigates whether participation in Saving Groups (SGs)—a community-owned microfinance intervention focused on poor households – is associated with maternal health service utilisation, and whether this association is mediated by women’s agency – as measured by self-efficacy and decision-making autonomy. We compared maternal health service utilisation among SG members (n=105) and non-members (n=100) in rural Mozambique. We estimated prevalence ratios for SG membership and women’s agency using Poisson regression while controlling for confounding factors. We also estimated mediation effects for women's agency. The results showed that SG membership is associated with four or more antenatal care (ANC) visits, skilled birth attendant (SBA) use, and postnatal care within 48?h of delivery. Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between SG membership and ANC vists and SBAuse, but not postnatal care; whereas women’s decision-making autonomy mediated the relationship with SBA use and postnatal care, but not ANC visits. This study suggests that the impact of SG membership on use of maternal health services goes beyond improvements in household income and may operate through women’s agency by giving women the ability to realize their preference for quality health care.     

恶性肿瘤患儿父母疾病不确定感状况、自我效能及相关影响因素分析

目的:探究恶性肿瘤患儿家长疾病不确定感及自我效能的影响因素。方法:选取在本院接受治疗的64例恶性肿瘤患儿,其家长人数64人,对患儿家长进行问卷调查,调查表包括自我效能调查表、一般情况调查表、疾病不确定感量表。对影响家长不确定感、相关因素及自我效能情况进行分析。结果:恶性肿瘤患儿父母疾病不确定感总分为(91.34±11.35)分;积极应对、一般自我效能感与父母疾病不确定感为负相关性(P<0.05);多重线性回归分析表示,能够影响患儿家长疾病不确定感的主要因素为自我效能、积极应对能力、患儿病情状况及家长文化水平(P<0.05)。结论:为了能够降低家长对疾病的不确定感,需要对其进行护理干预增强患儿家属对疾病的认知能力,从而降低患儿的心理压力,进一步提升治疗效果。     

基于全生命周期理念的中药新药监管科学研究

中药是我国具有原创性优势的健康资源,近年来,国家高度重视中医药的价值,强调"传承精华,守正创新"以推动中医药行业的健康发展。但目前中药仍面临创新能力不足、中药新药发展缓慢的问题,严重制约中药产业的发展。中药新药研发具有政策导向性,全生命周期管理理念的运用和监管科学的兴起,将会促进中药监管体系与治理能力的发展,为中药研发提供政策指导。对中药全生命周期各阶段的特殊性及监管情况进行分析,探索中药监管科学建设思路,以期为改善中药新药监管效果提供参考。